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婆罗洲蜻蜓  >  婆罗洲蜻蜓 The Dragonflies of Borneo

婆罗洲蜻蜓
The Dragonflies of Borneo

婆罗洲气候宜人，蓝天白云，常年温度28至33摄氏度之间。其地理环境得天独厚，有绵延的海岸线，极为特殊的珊瑚等海洋生物；有世界上第二大的原始热带雨林，诸多的红树林，还有世界罕见的珍禽昆虫，奇花异草，名贵药材……婆罗洲，不仅是旅游胜地，还是自然爱好者、植物学家、鸟禽观察家、潜水者、登山爱好者的天堂，更是喜爱亲近大自然人士的好去处.

蜻 蜓
Dragonflies

赭黄蜻蜓 Orthetrum testaceum	绿眼晏蜓 Gynacantha basiguttata	红蜻蜓 Neurothemis terminata

蜻蜓生理器官圖標
蜻蜓品種繁多，但結構基本相似。
 

蜻蜓和豆娘交配的特殊之处在于，配偶将雌性抱在脑后，而雌性则接受雄性生殖细胞。
交配对将保持几分钟到几个小时，具体取决于物种。 他们甚至连在一起飞行。

Mating of dragonflies and damselflies is peculiar in that the mate holds the female behind the head while the female receives the male reproductive cells.
Mating pairs will stay clasped for several minutes to several hours depand on species. They even fly while joined together.

成年蜻蜓和豆娘在飞行时捕捉并吃掉昆虫。 他们吃任何小到足以让他们处理的东西，包括苍蝇、黄蜂、飞蛾和甲虫。

成虫经常从水中的出生地飞到另一个地方喂食数周，然后返回出生的池塘、湖泊或溪流交配和产卵。

Adult dragonflies and damselflies catch and eat insects while flying. They eat anything small enough for them to handle, including flies, wasps, moths, and beetles. Adults often fly away from their nymphal home in the water to another area where they feed for several weeks before returning to the pond, lake, or stream to mate and lay eggs.

翅目昆虫有两只大复眼、两对纤细的膜质翅膀和细长的腹部。

它们的生活史分为两个不同的阶段：
1-水生阶段
2-空中阶段

幼虫期在水生环境中度过，成年期在陆生环境中。

Odonates are insects with two large compound eyes, two pairs of delicate and membranous wings, and a long slender abdomen. Their life history occurs in two different stages: aquatic and aerial stages. The larval stage is spent in aquatic environment, and the adulthood is in terrestrial.

Both the larvae and adults are good hunters. Prey may be stalked or ambushed.
Dragonflies receive less attention due to their less economical significance compared to other insects such as butterflies.
Yet, they are good indicator for aquatic ecosystem, and the larvae (nymphs) are proven to be good biocontrol of insect pests.
 

蜻蜓的习性和特征
Feats and Facts

最大的豆娘，Megaloprepus coerulatus，翼展超过七英寸。 这种豆娘分布在中美洲和南美洲。
The largest damselfly, Megaloprepus coerulatus, has a wing spread of more than seven inches. This damselfly is found in Central and South America.

每年夏天在美国的常见 Anax junuios 都会向北迁移到加拿大。 在秋天，这些蜻蜓的后代将返回南方。
The common green darner found in the United States, Anax junuios, migrates north into Canada each summer. In the fall, the offspring of these dragonflies will make their way back to the south.

一些蜻蜓的单只复眼可以有 10,000 到 50,000 只眼睛（commatidia）。
Some dragonflies can have between 10,000 and 50,000 individual eyes (commatidia) in each compound eye.

有记录的最快昆虫飞行属于澳大利亚蜻蜓 Austrophlbia costalis，它可以在短距离内达到每小时 36 英里。
The fastest recorded insect flight belongs to the Australian dragonfly, Austrophlbia costalis, which can reach 36 miles per hour over short distances.

Adults of Odonata can fly backwards or forwards and even hover like a helicopter. They can do these incredible aerial tricks because their two pairs of wings move independently of each other, in contrast to most other insects.
蜻蜓可以向后或向前飞行，甚至可以像直升机一样悬停。 它们可以做出这些令人难以置信的空中技巧，因为它们的两对翅膀彼此独立移动，这与大多数其他昆虫不同。

已发现的史前蜻蜓化石翼展为 30 英寸，体长达 18 英寸。
Fossils of prehistoric dragonflies have been found with wingspans of 30 inches and body lengths up to 18 inches.
 

蜻蜓有强健的胸肌来带动薄薄窄长的翅膀.蜻蜓能在空中高速飞行，时速可达100公里.

蜻蜓的头与胸部连结的部分较窄，使头部能够上下左右转动，且有一对大复眼，视觉非常敏锐，能够在空中追击或拦截一些动作慢的飞翔昆虫，所以是空中的恶棍。

捕捉的昆虫包括蜜蜂、蛾类，甚至较小的蜻蜓。

蜻蜓休息时翅膀仍外伸,不能折叠，所以停留的地方要有相当的空间的枝头或叶顶。

蜻蜓的交配也是在飞行中进行的。雄蜻蜓用腹部末端的把握器抓紧雌蜻蜓的颈部；雌蜻蜓腹部由下向前弯，把生殖孔接到雄蜻蜓腹部第二节下面的贮存精子器官，然后雄蜻蜓才进行授精。产卵时，大多是边飞边用尾部碰水面，把卵排出。我们常见的所谓「蜻蜓点水」，就是雌蜻蜓产卵的表演动作。蜻蜓还有「领域占据」的习性，雄性的蜻蜓为了觅食及抢得与雌蜻蜓交尾配对的机会，常会发生争夺地盘而互相追逐的场面。

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